Benzoic Acid: Preservative Function and Hotlist Limits
What benzoic acid actually does in a formula, its CAS number, and how the Hotlist concentration cap shapes its practical use.
What benzoic acid actually does in a formula, its CAS number, and how the Hotlist concentration cap shapes its practical use.
Sodium benzoate only works below a certain pH, which is why it's almost always paired with potassium sorbate. Here is the profile.
How introducing water into an anhydrous formula changes preservation needs and brings challenge testing and stability work into the picture.
Phenoxyethanol has a permitted ceiling, and if it's arriving pre-blended with other preservatives, your real number needs a back calculation.
Why a waterless whipped body butter has different preservative logic than a lotion, and how to describe that accurately on a CNF.
Phenoxyethanol's INCI, CAS number, and how its Hotlist maximum concentration should drive your CNF range selection.
Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are the same preservative in different forms, and converting between them correctly matters for your filing.
Why sodium benzoate's preservative ceiling and its actual effectiveness both come down to your formula's pH, not just the percentage on the label.
What an ISO 11930 preservative challenge test proves, and why any water-containing cosmetic destined for the EU needs one on file.
Potassium sorbate (CAS 24634-61-5) only works below a certain pH. Here's the chemistry, the pairing options, and where it falls short alone.